IEEE 常用在电子、计算机和工程学科,用顺序编码制:正文里标方括号数字,文献表按引用先后排,不按字顺。作者写法是名缩写在前、姓在后(A. B. Surname);文章篇名加双引号,刊名用缩写、斜体。现行依据是《IEEE Reference Guide》V 3.28.2025。
正文标注
序号不用上标,标在标点之前
引局部内容
[3, Thm. 1]、[3, pp. 5–10](Thm.=定理;pp.=页码范围;同式还有 eq.=公式、Fig.=图、Sect.=节、Ch.=章、Lemma=引理、Appendix=附录、Algorithm=算法)
类型代码
IEEE 不用文献类型代码
正文标注另有两条:序号不用上标,标在标点之前;引局部内容写 [3, Thm. 1]、[3, pp. 5–10]。
三条易错
| 规则 | 现行写法 | 常见误记 |
|---|---|---|
| 连续引用不用范围号 | [1], [2], [3], [4] 逐条写 | [1]–[4](V 3.28.2025 已明文废止) |
| et al. 双阈值 | 正文 3 名及以上;文献表超过 6 名 | 拿正文的 3 名去截文献表 |
| et al. 是正体 | et al.(正体) | et al.(斜体,疑网上误传,官方全文 13 处无一处斜体) |
条目以句点收尾,URL 结尾不加句点・日期至少写到年,没有日期写 (n.d.)・页码范围写 pp. 5–10(en dash,短横线)・一条文献一个编号,不合并。
期刊文章
示例M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, "Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.
示例(超 6 名)M. Ito et al., "Can the application of amorphous oxide TFT be an electrophoretic display?," J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 354, no. 19, pp. 2777–2782, Feb. 2008.
著录格式J. K. Author, "Name of paper," Abbrev. Title Period., vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, 2024.
刊名用缩写,单词刊名不缩写(Science、Nature 这类全拼);还没正式刊出的写 to be published(官方规定不能写 to appear in),投稿中的写 submitted for publication;early access 的文章著录 Date of Publication,DOI 必须带上。
会议论文
还没出论文集的会议宣读和收进论文集的写法是两条,别混:
宣读J. G. Kreifeldt, "An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-modulated noise," presented at the 1989 Int. Conf. Med. Biol. Eng., Chicago, IL, USA, Nov. 9–12, 1989.
论文集A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, "Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE," in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.
著录格式J. K. Author, "Title of paper," in Proc. Abbrev. Title of Conference, City, ST, 2024, pp. xxx–xxx.
会议名按官方规则缩写(Proceedings→Proc.、Conference→Conf.、Symposium→Symp.,序数用数字形);美国地点写城市 / 州,再标 USA;官方明文规定:已出版的会议论文都有页码,缺页码的该查一查。
图书 / 章节
示例(整本)B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.
示例(章节+编者)L. Stein, "Random patterns," in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed., New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55–70.
示例(非英文)K. Ichiro, Thai Economy and Railway 1885–1935, Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Hyoronsha (in Japanese), 2000.
著录格式J. K. Author, Title of Book. City, ST: Publisher, 2024.
保留出版地(City, State, Country: Publisher,State 仅美国地址适用);编者标 Ed./Eds.;非英文著作在出版者后标 (in Language),中文文献也这样标。
学位论文
示例J. O. Williams, "Narrow-band analyzer," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
著录格式J. K. Author, "Title of thesis," thesis, Univ., 2024.
thesis / dissertation 按作者原文用词,不按学位级别改;校名里已带州名的就不写州缩写(如 Univ. California, Berkeley)。
标准
示例IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
官方基本式Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.
官方基本式Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
官方基本式(在线)Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com
官方基本式(在线)Title of Standard, Standard number, date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com
没有作者槽,条目从标准名起,标准名斜体;没有机构与地点的按第二式写。
技术报告
示例E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, "Oxygen absorption in the Earth's atmosphere," Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
官方基本式J. K. Author, "Title of report," Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year.
官方基本式(在线)J. K. Author, "Title of report," Company, City, State, Country, Rep. no., (optional: vol./issue), Date. Accessed: Date. [Online]. Available: site/path/file
机构名与地点放在作者和题名之后,报告号与日期放末尾;报告号前的类别词随原件(Tech. Rep.、Tech. Memo.、Sci. Rep.、Final Rep.、Rep.、Contract 等)。在线报告须含年份,网址放条目末尾。
预印本
示例S. Urazhdin, N. O. Birge, W. P. Pratt Jr., and J. Bass, "Current-driven magnetic excitations in permalloy-based multilayer nanopillars," 2003, arXiv:0303149.
官方基本式J. K. Author, "Title of paper," year, arXiv number.
文章一旦在出版社处进入早期在线访问(该版即最终记录版),就引它、不引 arXiv 版;那种条目须含刊名、记录日期与 DOI,DOI 必写。
网站
示例J. Smith. "Obama inaugurated as President." CNN.com. Accessed: Feb. 1, 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html
官方基本式First Name Initial(s) Last Name. "Page Title." Website Title. Date Accessed. [Online]. Available: Web Address.
作者写首字母加姓,后加句点,头衔与职衔略去,Jr.、Sr. 或罗马数字这类后缀前不加逗号;两位以上按网站所列顺序、逗号分隔。取阅日期写作 Accessed: 缩写月 日, 年。条目以网址收尾时末尾不加句点。[Online] 的句点在括号外。
报纸
示例J. Markoff, "Software is smart enough for SAT, but still far from intelligent," Buffalo News, Sep. 21, 2015.(联机版另加 [Online]. Available: 网址)
官方基本式(印刷)J. K. Author, "Title of the article," Title of the News Source, Month, Day, Year.
官方基本式(在线)J. K. Author, "Title of the article," Title of the News Source, Month, Day, Year. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com
报源名斜体,逗号不斜体;日期写到日。
数据集
示例(通用式)S. Ansolabehere, M. Palmer, and A. Lee, January 20, 2014, "Precinct-Level Election Data. V1," distributed by Harvard Election Data Archive, http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/21919 UNF:5:5C9UfGjdLy2ONVPtgr45qA==
示例(用 DOI)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2013, "Treatment Episode Dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009," U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, doi: 10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.(日期紧跟作者、写在题名前;没有 DOI 时改用网址式,接 [Online]. Available: 网址)
官方基本式(通用式)Author, Date, Year. "Title of Dataset," distributed by Publisher/Distributor, http://url.com
官方基本式(用 DOI)Author, Date, "Title of Dataset," Source, doi: xxx.
官方基本式(用 DOI 解析地址)Author, Date, "Title of Dataset," Source, doi: URL.
官方基本式(用网址)Author, Date, "Title of Dataset," Source. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com
条目须含:每位责任人或机构、发布或传播日期(年,有则到日)、完整题名含版次或版本号(如有)、出版者或分发者、网址或 DOI;题名与定位符不能唯一指向所用实例时,追加取阅日期。通用式用 DOI 时以句点收尾(RG 该条原括注)。
专利
示例J. P. Wilkinson, "Nonlinear resonant circuit devices," U.S. Patent 3 624 125, Jul. 16, 1990.
示例K. Klionovski, "Broadband dual-band microstrip antenna," (in Russian), RU Patent Utility Model 167296, Dec. 27, 2016.
示例(在线)Screwless clip mounted computer drive, by D. Williams. (2005, Apr. 26). U.S. Patent 6,885,550 [Online]. Available: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/6,885,550
官方基本式J. K. Author, "Title of patent," U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.
官方基本式J. K. Author, "Title of patent," Country Patent xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.
官方基本式(在线)Name of the invention, by inventor's name. (year, month day). Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
日期写到日,保留或补齐当月的日;给了多个日期时用授权日(issued date)。在线专利条目以发明名领起,发明人跟在 by 后,日期入圆括号。
其余类型
地图IEEE Reference Guide 未定义此类型。
从 GB/T 转投 IEEE
从 GB/T 转投 IEEE(差异格,最容易写错的三处):
- ① 还在写 [J],IEEE 没有类型码
- ② 还按超过 3 名截断,文献表里是超过 6 名
- ③ 刊名写全称没缩写、篇名没加引号。
作者写法也相反:GB/T 姓在前、全大写(EINSTEIN A),IEEE 名缩写在前(A. Einstein)。页码 GB/T 写 :1185-1199,IEEE 写 pp. 1185–1199。
常见问题
IEEE 正文里连续引用几篇怎么写?
逐条写:[1], [2], [3], [4]。现行 Reference Guide 已经不用 [1]–[4] 这种范围号了。
IEEE 的 et al. 什么时候用?
两个阈值:正文标注 3 名及以上就用;参考文献表超过 6 名才用,et al. 排正体。
IEEE 有没有 [J][M] 这类类型码?
没有。IEEE 不用文献类型代码,方括号只用来标载体,比如 [Online];类型码是 GB/T 的机制。 参考文献里的 [J][M][D] 是什么意思
IEEE 要求 DOI 吗?
不强制,作者提供了就著录;和 APA 7 的「有则必录」不一样。 APA 7
出处